Hormone replacement therapy is used by many women during and after menopause as the body begins to produce less and less of both estrogen and progesterone.  It is often prescribed to alleviate such things as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes.

There are two types of replacement therapy, ERT,  which uses estrogen alone, and HRT which combines both estrogen and progestin.  ERT is used almost exclusively for women who have their menopause as a result of a hysterectomy.  HRT reduces the effect of estrogen on the uterine lining and therefore can protect against endometrial cancer.

There are several forms of hormone therapy, including skin patches, pills, and creams.  Different products may have varying effects among women.

Hormone replacement therapy, in addition to helping alleviate the symptoms of menopause, also helps maintain bone density and may provide some long term protection against heart disease.

Hormone therapy however, may produce some unpleasant side effects including breast tenderness, irregular vaginal bleeding and bloating.  The greatest problem with the therapy is the increased risk of developing breast cancer.  There is also an increased risk for stroke and, in some cases, heart conditions.  If the therapy includes both estrogen and progestin, the risk is greatly increased.  The longer the therapy is used, the greater the risk becomes.  The composition and strength of the therapy also determines its effect.

In consideration of all the risks associated with hormone therapy, and the fact that these risks vary among women, any decision to use the therapy should be carefully considered by both patient and doctor.

Hormone therapy is usually not recommended for women who have had endometrial cancer, problems with blood clots, heart attack, stroke, undiagnosed uterine bleeding, liver disease, or breast cancer.

Many studies have been done on the benefits and risks of hormone therapy.  Results can be confusing as they vary, and may even conflict.  It is generally recommended that any replacement therapy should be undertaken only on a short term basis.  Let your doctor assist you in making the wisest decision.